Passive Voice

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.  Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

 

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh: She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).

Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.

Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3
 Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase “by”.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)

ACTIVE:         Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)

PASSIVE:       Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)

Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject. 1. Simple present tense -> S+V-1+direct object, maka untuk passive voice-nya S+auxiliary verbs+past participle (V-3), menggunakan auxiliary verbs be bentuk pertama (is, am, are). —-> Active Voice -> Keanu feeds the rabbits everyday —-> Passive voice -> The rabbits are fed by Keanu everyday 2. Simple past tense ->S+V-2+direct object, maka passive voice-nya S+auxiliary verbs+past participle (V-3), menggunakan auxiliary verbs be bentuk kedua (was, were). —->Active Voice -> Nana wrote the letter last night. —-> Passive Voice -> The letter was written by Nana. 3. Present perfect tense -> S+has/have+V-3+direct object, maka bentuk passive voice-nya S+auxiliary verbs+past participle (V-3), menggunakan auxiliary verbs be bentuk ketiga (been). —-> Active Voice -> Zahran has watched Harry Potter movie —-> Passive Voice -> Harry Potter movie has been watched by Zahran 4. Past perfect tense -> S+had+V-3+direct object, maka bentuk passive voice-nya S+auxiliary verbs+past participle (V-3), menggunakan auxiliary verbs be bentuk ketiga (been). —->Active Voice -> Mala had cleaned the room before I came. —-> Passive Voice -> The room had been cleaned by Mala before I came. 5. Simple future tense -> S+will/be-going to+V-1+object, maka bentuk passive voice-nya S+auxiliary verbs+past participle (V-3), menggunakan auxiliary verbs be. —-> Active Voice -> My mother will cook gold fish tonight. —->Passive voice -> Goldfish will be cooked by my mother tonight. Tenses Contoh Subject To be/+Auxiliary Verb 3 Tunggal Jamak Tunggal Jamak Simple Present I they am are warned Present perfect he we has been have been told Present Continuous she you is being are being taught Present perfect Continuous it these has been being have been being arranged Simple Past I they was were warned Past continuous he we was being were being told Past perfect she you had been * taught Past perfect continuous it these had been being * arranged Simple Future I they will be * warned Future Continuous he we was being were being told Future perfect she you will have been * taught Future perfect continuous it these will have been being * arranged Pastfuture I they would be * warned Past future Continuous he we would be being * told Past future perfect she you would have been * taught Past future perfect continuous it these would have been being * arranged